1. Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a distinct structure found within the cell nucleus, which is a membrane-enclosed organelle that houses the genetic material of a cell. The nucleolus is primarily responsible for the production and assembly of ribosomal subunits, which are essential components of ribosomes.
2. Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It serves as the control center of the cell, housing most of the cell's genetic material and regulating various cellular activities
3. Ribosome
Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and they function as molecular machines that read the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) and use it to assemble chains of amino acids into functional proteins
4. Vesicle
A vesicle is a small, membrane-bound sac that plays various essential roles in the transport and storage of materials within cells. Vesicles are involved in intracellular trafficking, ensuring the proper distribution of molecules between different cellular compartments
5. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is a membrane-bound organelle within eukaryotic cells that is involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins. It is called "rough" due to the presence of ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface, which give it a studded appearance under a microscope.
6. Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It plays a central role in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth ER). The Golgi apparatus consists of a stack of flattened membranous sacs known as cisternae.
7. Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a dynamic and complex network of protein filaments that provides structural support, facilitates cellular movement, and contributes to various cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. It consists of three main types of protein filaments: microtubules, microfilaments (actin filaments), and intermediate filaments.
8. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It lacks the ribosomes on its surface that give the rough endoplasmic reticulum its characteristic appearance. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum serves various functions, and its activities are often specialized depending on the type of cell
9. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in the cells of most eukaryotic organisms. Often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell," mitochondria play a central role in energy production and are involved in various other cellular processes
10. Vacuole
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of plants, fungi, protists, and some animals. They serve a variety of functions depending on the type of cell and organism
11. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance found inside cells, surrounding the cell's organelles. It constitutes a major portion of the cell's volume and is enclosed by the cell membrane. The cytoplasm consists of various cellular structures, such as the cytosol, organelles, and various inclusions. Its functions are diverse and essential for the overall functioning of the cell
12. Lysosome
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of most eukaryotic organisms. They are often referred to as the "garbage disposal" or "recycling centers" of the cell due to their role in breaking down and digesting cellular waste, debris, and certain macromolecules. Lysosomes contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down various types of biological molecules
13. Centriole
Centrioles are cylindrical, microtubule-based structures found in animal cells, typically organized in pairs within a region of the cell called the centrosome. Each centriole is composed of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylindrical shape. Centrioles play important roles in various cellular processes, particularly in the organization of the cytoskeleton and the orchestration of cell division
14. Cell membrane
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a crucial structure that surrounds all cells, serving as a selective barrier between the cell's interior and the external environment. It is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with various proteins and other molecules. The cell membrane has several important functions that are essential for the survival and proper functioning of cells